1. Maya Civilization (c. 2000 BCE – 900 CE):
Reaching its zenith in Mesoamerica, the Maya civilization attained unparalleled heights in advanced fields such as mathematics and astronomy while boasting impressive city-states.
Despite their flourishing achievements, a complex set of factors led to their collapse around the 9th century, a subject still under ongoing debate among scholars. The Maya civilization was distinguished by its sophisticated hieroglyphic writing system, monumental architecture, and intricate calendar systems.
The reasons behind their decline remain elusive, with proposed theories encompassing environmental degradation, political instability, and societal upheavals. The enigmatic disappearance of this once-thriving civilization adds an intriguing layer to the study of Mesoamerican history, challenging researchers to unravel the mysteries surrounding the Mayans’ decline.