8. Nabatean Kingdom (c. 4th century BCE – 106 CE):
Renowned for their impressive rock-cut architecture in Petra, Jordan, the Nabateans were a civilization that thrived through a prosperous trade network.
Their mastery of trade routes contributed to economic prosperity, and their distinctive structures in Petra stand as a testament to their architectural prowess. However, the decline of the Nabatean civilization came about due to significant changes in trade routes, impacting their economic vitality.
Additionally, the annexation of Nabataea by the Romans in the early 2nd century CE played a crucial role in reshaping the fate of the Nabatean people. This annexation marked a turning point, as Nabataea gradually assimilated into the broader Roman Empire, and by the 4th century CE, the once-thriving Nabatean civilization had largely disappeared from the historical landscape.